- Definitions of globalisation:
- Socialist: The process of transformation of local or regional phenomena into global ones. It can be described as a process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society and function together. This process is a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural and political forces.
- Capitalist: The elimination of state-enforced restrictions on exchanges across borders and the increasingly integrated and complex global system of production and exchange that has emerged as a result.
- Globalisation: Covering a wide range of distinct political, economic, and cultural trends, fashionable buzzword. Synonym for the following - the pursuit of classical liberal (or free market), policies in the world economy (economic
liberalization), the growing dominance of western (or even American)
forms of political, economic, and cultural life (westernization or Americanization), the proliferation of new information technologies (the
Internet Revolution), as well as the notion that humanity stands at the
threshold of realizing one single unified community in which major
sources of social conflict have vanished (global integration)’.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/globalization/
- George Ritzer: ‘McDonaldization’ describes wide ranging sociocultural processes by which the principles of fast-food restaurants are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American societies as well as the rest of the world.
- Staff: Limited skills.
- Menu: Limited, cheap, fast.
- Marshall McLuhan: from sixties.
- Electric technology – humanity will be more conscious – world like a village, everyone cares.
- Everyone will work together – seeing what’s going on.
- ‘Electric technology…would seem to render individualism obsolete and corporate interdependence mandatory’. – images make humans desensitised e.g. 9/11.
- Technological determinism – assumption that technology will make world a better place: Global village.
- In world: Centripetal forces, pushing globalisation.
- Centrifugal forces- splitting world, wars etc.
- Mark Juergensmeyer – growth of secularisation – a ‘new cold war’ between religion and secular state.
- Cultural imperialism – Global village is run with a set of values then it would not be so much an integrated community as an assimilated one.
- Media conglomerates operate as oligopolies e.g. Timewarner:
- Propoganda: views of individual transferred.
- News corporate – Market interest
1.
2. W.
3. Developing economies and regular producers (
4. Rest of world.
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- Local cultures destroyed in this process and new forms of cultural dependency shapes, mirroring old school colonialism.
- Schiller – dominance of US driven commercial media forces US model of broadcasting onto the rest of world but also inculcates
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- Chomsky and Herman (1998) ‘Manufacturing Consent’
- 5 Basic Filters: Ownership, Funding, Sourcing, Flak, Anti-communist ideology.
- Ownership – Rupert Murdoch
- News of the World
- The Sun
- The Sunday Times
- The Times
- NY Post
- BSkyB
- Fox TV
- News = business
- Needs money to operate.
- Only as good as it needs to be.
- Funding – controls content – from sponsors, pleasing paymasters.
- Flak = controls content
- Slant on stories.
- Media pressure group – forces stories on news agencies.
- Anti ideologies – makes agree by making others seem ridiculous.
- Film: An Inconvenient Truth
- Retreat of glaciers
- Since 1880, temperature increased.
- Keeling curve, carbon dioxide rising.
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- Flat Earthers
- Jim Inhofe – Global warming, biggest hoax ever.
- To make a green planet: overthrow capitalism.
- Greenwashing: No green credentials, but trying to tap into green market e.g. McDonalds is green, but nothing has changed.
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