Lecture Discussion
- Base
- Superstructure
- Materialism - in philosophical sense where all things in society.
- (Base) Forces of production: materials, tools, workers, people, skills, technology - parts of scoiety; from these there are relations of production: master/slave, employer/employee - you either control these forces or are controlled by them.
- (Superstructure) Forms of consciousness religion, politics, culture, state, law.
- Ideas in politics - born out of societies' antagonisms.
- Base/structure relationship - base reconditions superstructures which gives base strength: 'dialetic' e.g. base (forces of production) - men are dominant class - statistically proven. Women - weaker, objectified - which almost reinforces how men should dominate.
- Praxis - unification of theory in relation to the world.
- Culture emerges from base so ideas of culture are ideological.
- Ideology - system of ideas - false consciousness (seem to be true but disguise or mask the real nature).
- Idea of gender: women are the asethetic sex (idea, historically constructed) - women are made to be aesthetic due to their lower/weaker position in society.
- Popular culture vs Culture (Taste: Gatekeeper - ideological - created by ruling class - 'mass culture is bad, high culture is good' - protecting their own classes.
- To have taste - must be taken from elite.
- People from council estates don't have facilities to form taste.
- Bordieu - Cultural Capital.
- Culture is possessed by the ruling class, in the pursuuit of culture you can moce upwards.
- Education now gives you cultural capital - not about development of individual - gain a 'badge' or letters which opens doors.
- Arnoldism - 'Anarchy'.
- Leavisism.
- Frankfurt School - important Marxist thinkers. Nazi's closed down the school - focussed on popular culture - most interesting project, why working class people were involved in systems that were against them.
- 'All mass culture is identical' - like car production in a line - formulaic.
- Authentic culture works on a different levels, it makes you think about it in a real way.
- Dick Hebdige - 'Youth cultural styles begin by using symbolic challenges, but they must end by establishing new conventions; by creating new commodities, new industries or rejuvenating old ones'.
Task
- Read Adorno and summarise the essay.
- Post a link to a Youtube pop video that epitomises Adorno's sentiments.
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